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India’s Landmark Era of Research, Innovation & Deep-Tech Growth

India’s research and development (R&D) ecosystem is undergoing a historic transformation. The country is shifting from a primarily public-funded research model to a private-sector-driven, innovation-led economy, backed by massive strategic investments.

This transformation directly supports the national vision of Viksit Bharat @ 2047, with Investment and Innovation identified as two of the four core growth engines in the 2025–26 Union Budget. The focus is clear:
➡ Build global innovation leadership
➡ Strengthen deep-tech infrastructure
➡ Attract private capital into strategic sectors
➡ Create a strong research-to-commercialisation pipeline

🧠 Strategic Institutional Foundations

Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF)

  • Operational since 2024

  • Target: ₹50,000 crore mobilisation over 5 years

  • Purpose:

    • Bridge academia–industry collaboration

    • Provide strategic national direction in science & technology

    • Enable interdisciplinary research to solve complex societal challenges

Research Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme

  • Launched: November 2025

  • Fund size: ₹1 lakh crore

  • Focus:

    • Long-term, low-interest financing

    • Private-sector-led innovation

    • Strategic & sunrise sectors

    • Accelerating self-reliance (Atmanirbhar Bharat) through industrial R&D

🚀 Deep Tech & Emerging Frontier Missions

Deep Tech Fund of Funds

  • Corpus: ₹10,000 crore

  • Expansion of SIDBI Fund of Funds

  • Purpose:

    • Support startups with long gestation cycles

    • Enable capital-intensive deep-tech innovation

IndiaAI Mission

  • Allocation: ₹10,371.92 crore

  • Focus areas:

    • AI innovation ecosystem

    • AI governance frameworks

    • High-performance computing infrastructure

    • Scaling to 38,000 GPUs for research and startups

National Quantum Mission (NQM) (2023–2031)

  • Allocation: ₹6,003.65 crore

  • Objectives:

India Semiconductor Mission

🎓 Human Capital & Academic Excellence

Prime Minister’s Research Fellows (PMRF) Scheme

  • Fellowships: 10,000 PhD scholars

  • Institutions:

  • Monthly stipend: ₹70,000 – ₹80,000

  • Objective:

    • Build elite research talent pipeline

    • Strengthen India’s global research capacity

🌱 Grassroots Innovation & Startup Ecosystem

Atal New India Challenge (ANIC)

(Flagship AIM Programme)

  • Grant support: Up to ₹1 crore

  • Beneficiaries:

    • Startups

    • MSMEs

  • Focus:

    • Solving national socio-economic challenges

NIDHI-PRAYAS (DST)

  • Funding: Up to ₹10 lakhs per innovator

  • Purpose:

    • Idea-to-prototype transition

    • Early-stage innovation support

GENESIS (MeitY)

  • Allocation: ₹490 crore

  • Target: 1,600 technology startups

  • Focus regions:

    • Tier-II cities

    • Tier-III cities

  • Goal:

    • Decentralised innovation growth

Startup India Seed Fund Scheme (SISFS)

  • Corpus: ₹945 crore

  • Supports:

    • Product trials

    • Market entry

    • Commercialisation

    • Early-stage business validation

🏫 Innovation Pipeline from School to Startup

Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) 2.0

🧪 Scientific Research & Capacity Building

Vigyan Dhara Scheme (DST)

  • Budget (2025–26): ₹1,425 crore

  • Focus:

    • Scientific research promotion

    • National research capacity building

Research Scheme of NITI Aayog (RSNA)

  • Revised: 2024

  • Supports:

    • Institutional research studies

    • Multi-sector socio-economic research

    • Policy-driven evidence frameworks

🌍 Global Impact & Outcomes

This multi-layered ecosystem is already delivering measurable global impact:

  • 🇮🇳 India ranks 3rd globally in Science & Engineering PhDs

  • 🌐 39th position in the Global Innovation Index

  • Rapid growth in:

    • Deep-tech startups

    • AI research

    • Quantum research

    • Semiconductor R&D

    • Academic–industry collaboration

🔥 Strategic Shift Summary

India is now building a full-stack innovation ecosystem:

LayerFocus
PolicyLong-term national innovation vision
CapitalRisk capital + deep-tech funding
TalentResearch fellows + academic pipelines
InfrastructureAI compute, quantum labs, semiconductors
StartupsSeed funding → scale funding
EducationSchool-level innovation exposure
IndustryPrivate sector R&D participation

Final Narrative Positioning

India’s R&D ecosystem is no longer fragmented — it is now integrated, capital-backed, mission-driven, and globally aligned.
By addressing the two biggest barriers to innovation — risk capital and infrastructure access — the country is rapidly positioning itself as a global leader in original, technology-led growth.

This is not just funding.
This is nation-scale innovation architecture.

Viksit Bharat @ 2047 is no longer a vision — it is an engineered roadmap.

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